مطالعات میان‌ رشته‌ای تمدنی  انقلاب اسلامی

مطالعات میان‌ رشته‌ای تمدنی انقلاب اسلامی

مطالعه تطبیقی جایگاه و مدل‌های نقش آفرینی مردم در نظارت بر قدرت سیاسی در چارچوب اندیشه دولت مدرن و حکومت دینی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکترا، حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
3 کارشناسی ارشد، حقوق عمومی و بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران
چکیده
مفهوم نظارت بر قدرت و طراحی سازوکارهای آن همواره در نظام‌های سیاسی محل تامل اندیشمندان حوزه حقوق، علوم سیاسی و مدیریت بوده است. اما مسئله اصلی این پژوهش، بیان مبانی نظری نظارت در دولت مدرن (رویکرد حق‌محور) و حکومت دینی (رویکرد تکلیف‌‌محور) و چالش‌های ناشی از تلفیق این دو دیدگاه در طراحی سیستم‌های نظارتی بومی است که منجر به ناکارآمدی در حکمرانی می‌شود. از این‌رو در پژوهش حاضر از طریق منابع کتابخانه‌‌‌ای به مطالعه تطبیقی مبانی و الگوهای نظارت در دولت مدرن و حکومت دینی (با تمرکز بر اقتضائات بومی ایران اسلامی) پرداخته می‌شود. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد در دولت مدرن، نظارت بر قدرت مبتنی بر حقوق شهروندی است و ریشه در انسان‌شناسی سوبژکتیویستی و بدبینی به قدرت دارد. به همین علت سازوکارهای آن خلاصه به نظارت بیرونی (تفکیک قوا، شفافیت) با رویکردی فرمالستی می‌شود. اما در حکومت دینی نظارت بر اساس تکلیف شرعی و انسان‌شناسی الهیاتی (جایگاه انسان به‌عنوان خلیفه‌الله) تعریف می‌شود. در این الگو، نظارت درونی یا همان تقوا محور است و نظارت بیرونی (امربه‌معروف و نهی‌از‌منکر، گزینش کارگزاران، نهادهای واسط) بر آن استوار می‌گردد. همچنین عدم نظارت، موجب معصیت بوده و دارای عواقب دنیوی و اخروی است. نتیجه‌گیری آن است که الگوی نظارت در مردم‌سالاری دینی، با تکیه بر تکلیف‌گرایی شرعی و مسئولیت‌پذیری جمعی امت، ماهیتاً متفاوت از مدل سکولارِ حق‌محور است و غلبه بر چالش‌های نظام نظارتی موجود، مستلزم طراحی سازوکارهای بومیِ مبتنی بر اهداف و مبانی حکومت دینی، بدون التقاط با الگوهای دولت مدرن است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Comparative Study of the Role and Models of Public Oversight of Political Power within the Framework of Modern State Thought and Religious Governance (Hokoomat dini)

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Javaheri Tehrani 1
Hamidreza Olyaee 2
Najmeh Safaei 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Public and International Law, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
2 PhD Candidate in Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
3 Master's Degree in Public and International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده English

The concept of oversight over power and the design of its mechanisms have always been a subject of contemplation for scholars in the fields of law, political science, and management. However, the main issue of this research is to articulate the theoretical foundations of oversight in the modern state which follows a rights-based approach and in religious governance which follows a duty-based approach. The challenges arising from the fusion of these two perspectives in designing indigenous oversight systems often lead to inefficiencies in governance. Therefore This research draws on library sources to conduct a comparative analysis of the foundations and models of oversight in the modern state and religious governance, focusing on the specific conditions of Islamic Iran.
The findings of this research indicate that in the modern state, oversight of power is based on citizenship rights and is rooted in subjectivist anthropology and skepticism toward power. Consequently, its mechanisms are limited to external oversight such as separation of powers and transparency with a formalist approach. In contrast, in religious governance, oversight is defined based on religious duty and theological anthropology, where humans are regarded as vicegerents of God. In this model, internal oversight is centered on piety, while external oversight such as enjoining good and forbidding evil, selection of officials, and intermediary institutions is built upon it. Furthermore, the absence of oversight is considered a sin and entails both worldly and spiritual consequences.
The conclusion is that the oversight model in religious democracy is fundamentally different from the secular rights-based model as it relies on religious duty-based governance and collective responsibility. Overcoming the challenges of the existing oversight system requires the design of indigenous mechanisms based on the objectives and foundations of religious governance, without blending them with the models of the modern state.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Oversight
Religious Government
Islamic Governance
Modernity
Democracy

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Books
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دوره 5، شماره 18 - شماره پیاپی 18
فصل تابستان
تابستان 1405
صفحه 87-111

  • تاریخ دریافت 19 فروردین 1404
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