مطالعات میان‌ رشته‌ای تمدنی  انقلاب اسلامی

مطالعات میان‌ رشته‌ای تمدنی انقلاب اسلامی

نظام‌سازی فقهی - حقوقی هوش مصنوعی در مقابله با تهدیدات فرهنگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 _دانشیار گروه الهیات، دانشکده حقوق و الهیات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران؛ _دانشیار مأمور گروه فقه و حقوق پژوهشکده مطالعات اسلامی در علوم انسانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.
2 استادیار، گروه پژوهشی فقه و حقوق اسلامی، پژوهشکده مطالعات اسلامی علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
با شتاب روزافزون فناوری‌، هوش مصنوعی به مثابه ابزاری راهبردی در حکمرانی، ضمن ایجاد فرصت‌های تمدنی، بستر شکل‌گیری تهدیدات نرم‌افزاری پیچیده‌ای شده است که امنیت ملی و بنیان‌های هویت فرهنگی جوامع را هدف قرار می‌دهد. از این‌رو، استقرار یک نظام فقهی-حقوقی منسجم در این زیست‌بوم، ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر برای صیانت از مرزهای فرهنگی در برابر نفوذ بیگانه تلقی می‌گردد. این پژوهش با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و با محوریت منظومه فکری مقام معظم رهبری به تبیین الزامات فقهی و حقوقی هوش مصنوعی جهت مقابله با این جنگ نرم می‌پردازد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که چالش‌هایی نظیر تهاجم فرهنگی سازمان‌یافته، نفوذ سبک زندگی غربی، تضعیف ارزش‌های اسلامی و انقلابی، تزلزل و فروپاشی نهاد مقدس خانواده، تخریب هویت ملی-دینی، سلطه گری مخرب رسانه‌ای، ولنگاری فرهنگی، ترویج اباحه‌گری و بی‌قیدی، و همچنین تحریف حقایق تاریخی در قالب «جنگ روایت‌ها» از جدی‌ترین مخاطرات این حوزه محسوب می‌شوند. در مقام پاسخ‌دهی به این تهدیدات، این مقاله ضمن تأکید بر رویکرد کلان «اسلامی‌سازی» به عنوان یک هدف عالی، چارچوبی مبتنی بر قواعد فقهی شامل «وجوب حفظ نظام»، «رعایت مصلحت و عدالت»، «قاعده نفی سبیل» (جهت نفی سلطه کفار)، «قاعده لاضرر» و «وجوب تعاون بر برّ و حرمت تعاون بر اثم» را در کنار الزامات حقوقی پیشنهاد می‌دهد. این الزامات با تکیه بر یک «الگوی تمدنی سه‌سطحی» (شامل غایت، ضابطه و ضمانت اجرا) بستری بنیادین برای تدوین سیاست‌های فرهنگی فراهم می‌آورند که فراتر از اعمال محدودیت‌های سلبی، به عنوان راهنمایی ایجابی جهت همسوسازی توسعه هوش مصنوعی با اهداف متعالی نظام اسلامی عمل می‌کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Jurisprudential-Legal Systematization of Artificial Intelligence in Countering Cultural Threats Abstract

نویسندگان English

Seyedeh Fatemeh tabatabaee 1
Mahdieh Latifzadeh 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Theology, Faculty of Law and Theology, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Fiqh and Islamic Law Research Group, Institute for Islamic Studies in the Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

With the accelerating pace of technological development, artificial intelligence,as a strategic instrument of governance, has simultaneously generated civilizational opportunities and facilitated the emergence of complex soft threats that directly target national security and the foundational elements of societies’cultural identity.Consequently, the establishment of a coherent jurisprudential–legal framework within this ecosystem is regarded as an unavoidable necessity for safeguarding cultural boundaries against external infiltration.Employing a descriptive–analytical methodology and grounded in the intellectual framework of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, this study seeks to articulate the jurisprudential and legal requirements governing artificial intelligence in response to contemporary forms of soft warfare.The findings indicate that challenges such as organized cultural invasion, the penetration of Western lifestyle patterns, the erosion of Islamic and revolutionary values, the destabilization and disintegration of the family as a sacred social institution, the degradation of national–religious identity, destructive media domination, cultural laxity, the promotion of permissiveness and moral relativism, and the distortion of historical realities in the form of “narrative warfare” constitute the most serious risks in this domain.In response to these threats, the article emphasizes the overarching approach of “Islamization” as a higher-order objective and proposes a framework grounded in fundamental Islamic legal principles, including the obligation to preserve the Islamic system, adherence to public interest (maṣlaḥa) and justice,the principle of negation of domination(nafy al-sabīl)aimed at preventing non-Muslim hegemony, the no-harm principle (lā ḍarar),and the obligation to cooperate in righteousness alongside the prohibition of cooperation in sin.These principles are articulated in conjunction with legal regulatory requirements.Anchored in a “three-tier civilizational model” comprising purpose, normative standards,and enforcement mechanisms, the proposed framework provides a foundational basis for cultural policymaking.Beyond the imposition of restrictive measures, it functions as a positive and guiding paradigm for aligning the development and deployment of artificial intelligence with the higher objectives of the Islamic system

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Cultural Security
Cultural Invasion
Cyberspace Governance
Public Interest (Maṣlaḥat al-Niẓām)
Generative Artificial Intelligence

Smiley face

قرآن کریم.
نهج‌البلاغه.
Abul-Futuh Razi, Husayn ibn Ali (1408). Rawd al-Jinan and Ruh al-Jinan in the Interpretation of the Qur'an. First edition, Mashhad: Astan Quds Razavi, Islamic Research Foundation.[In Persian]
Payandeh, Abolghasem (2003). Nahj al-Fasaha. Fourth edition, Tehran: Donya Danesh.
Bojnourdi, Seyyed Mohammad (1401). Rules of Jurisprudence. Third edition, Tehran: Oruj Institute. .[In Persian]
A group of researchers, under the supervision of Shahroudi, Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi (1426). The Encyclopedia of Jurisprudence According to the Religion of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them). First edition, Qom: Institute of the Encyclopedia of Islamic Jurisprudence on the Religion of the Ahl al-Bayt. .[In Persian]
Dehkhoda, Ali Akbar (1994). Dictionary. Tehran: Tehran University Press. .[In Persian]
Hilli, Ja'far ibn Hassan (1413). The Nine Letters. First edition, Qom: Ayatollah Mar'ashi Najafi Library.[In Persian]
Shirazi, Seyyed Muhammad Hosseini (1413). Jurisprudence, Al-Qawwa'id al-Fiqhiyyah. First edition, Beirut: Imam Reza Institu .[In Persian]
Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hassan (1407). Al-Khalaf. First edition, Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers' Association.[In Persian]
Ameli, Ebrahim (1988). Ameli's Commentary. First edition, Tehran: Sadough Bookstore.[In Persian]
Qomi, Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Rouhani (1413). Al-Qawwa'id al-Fiqhiyyah (The Selector of Principles). First edition, Qom: Amir Printing House. [In Persian]
Kilini, Muhammad bin Yaqub (1429). Al-Kafi First edition, Qom: Dar al-Hadith for printing and publishing .[In Persian]
Makarem Shirazi, Nasser (1424). Kitab al-Nikah. First edition, Qom: Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib School. [In Persian]
Makarem Shirazi, Nasser (1425). Ta'zir and its scope. First edition, Qom: Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib School. [In Persian]
Maraghi, Sayyid Mir Abdul Fattah bin Ali Hussaini (1417). Al-Anawin al-Fiqhiyyah. First edition, Qom: Islamic Publications Office affiliated with the Qom Seminary Teachers' Association. [In Persian]
Mirzai Qomi, Abu al-Qasim bin Muhammad Hasan (1413). Jame Al-Shatt in the answers to the questions. First edition, Tehran: Kayhan Institute. [In Persian]
Mesbah Yazdi, Mohammad Taqi (2013). The Best and the Worst from the Perspective of Nahj al-Balagha. Fifth Edition, Qom: Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute. [In Persian]
Najafi, Muhammad Hassan (1404). Jewels of the Word in the Explanation of the Laws of Islam. Seventh edition, Beirut: Dar Ihya' al-Turaht al-Arabi. [In Persian]
Najafabadi, Hossein Ali Montazeri (1409). Jurisprudential Foundations of Islamic Government. Translated by Mahmoud Salavati and Abul Shakuri, first edition, Qom: Kayhan Institute. [In Persian]
Naraqi, Ahmad bin Muhammad Mahdi (1417). The Returns of the Days in the Explanation of the Rules of the Laws. First edition, Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office of the Qom Seminary. [In Persian]
Yazdi Mohaqeq-Damad, Seyyed Mustafa (1406). Rules of Jurisprudence. Twelfth edition, Tehran: Islamic Sciences Publishing Center. [In Persian]
Statements and Speeches
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyed Ali (2006/08/18). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in a meeting with academics in Semnan. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyed Ali (2009/07/02). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in a meeting with members of the Assembly of Experts. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyed Ali (2002/07/03). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in a meeting with a group of academic elites. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyed Ali (2018/07/04). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in the ceremony of the Night of Memory of the Sacred Defense. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1403/08/08). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in the meeting with the participants of the Congress of Martyrs of Fars Province. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1380/11/08). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in the ceremony of the ratification of the 2007 presidential election. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1398/02/11). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in the meeting with teachers and educators. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1395/03/16). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in the meeting with the Speaker and representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1400/10/19). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in a video communication with the people of Qom. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1370/09/20). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in a meeting with members of the Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1380/08/20). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in a meeting with the people of Kashan, Aran and Bidgol. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (21/04/1393). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in a meeting with poets. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1373/06/21). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei at the opening of the 10th National Gathering of Friday Imams. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1392/02/21). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in a meeting with a group of educated women from the seminaries and universities. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1383/02/28). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei after visiting the Iranian Broadcasting Organization. [In Persian]
Hosseini Khamenei, Seyyed Ali (1403/11/29). Statements of Ayatollah Khamenei in meeting with the people of East Azerbaijan. [In Persian]
Articles (Persian and Arabic)
Hosseini, Seyed Mojtaba; Ameri Golestani, Hamed; Yousefi, Bahram; Akbarzadeh, Fereydoun (1401). "Investigating the Obstacles and Solutions to Ensuring the Cultural Security of the Islamic Republic in the Thought of Ayatollah Khamenei", Basij Strategic Studies, Year 25, Issue 94, pp. 5-37. [In Persian]
Simber, Reza; Rezapour, Daniyal (1397). "Cultural Security from the Perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei", Political Studies, Volume 5, Issue 11, pp. 131-156. [In Persian]
Tabatabaei, Seyedeh Fatemeh; Mohammad Hosseinzadeh, Abdolreza; Mansouri Sirchi, Mansoureh. (1404). "The Mandatory Ruling on Binary Option Internet Transactions.", Islamic Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Law Studies 19(51), pp. 67-90. [In Persian]
Rules and Regulations
Amended Statute of the Iranology Foundation, approved in 1400. [In Persian]
Statute of the National Archives and Library Organization of Iran, approved in 1369.[In Persian]
Statute of the Cultural Heritage Organization of the Country, approved in 1367. [In Persian]
General Family Policies, promulgated in 1395. [In Persian]
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, approved in 1358 with subsequent amendments. [In Persian]
Law on the Publication and Free Access to Information, approved in 1388. [In Persian]
Law on the Objectives and Duties of the Ministry of Education, approved in 1366. [In Persian]
Law on the Objectives and Duties of the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, approved in 1365. [In Persian]
Law on Electronic Commerce, approved in 1382. [In Persian]
Law on Strengthening and Developing the National Standard System, approved in 1397. [In Persian]
Law on Computer Crimes, approved in 1388. [In Persian]
Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights, approved in 1388. [In Persian]
Law on the Protection of Family, approved in 1391. [In Persian]
Labor Law, approved in 1369. [In Persian]
Law on Islamic Punishment, approved in 1392.[In Persian]
Law on the Method of Punishing Persons Who Engage in Unauthorized Activities in Audiovisual Matters, approved in 1386. [In Persian]
Citizenship Rights Charter, promulgated in 1395. [In Persian]
English Resources
Al-Tkhayneh, K. M., Al-Tarawneh, H. A., Abulibdeh, E., & Alomery, M. K. (2023). Social and Legal Risks of Artificial Intelligence: An Analytical Study. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 12(2), 144–157. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0039
Álvarez, J. M., Colmenarejo, A., Elobaid, A., et al. (2024). Policy advice and best practices on bias and fairness in AI. Ethics and Information Technology, 26(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-023-09716-8
Asiryan, S. (2023). Use of Artificial Intelligence During Elections: Practice, Threats to the Right to Vote and Ways to Overcome Them. Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, 74, 7–11. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.74.1
Bansal, C., Pandey, K. K., Goel, R., Sharma, A., & Jangirala, S. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AI) Bias Impacts: Classification Framework for Effective Mitigation. Issues in Information Systems, 24(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.48009/1_iis_2023_105
Bisaga, Y. M., Bielova, M., & Byelov, D. (2023). Challenges for Children’s Rights in Connection with the Development of Artificial Intelligence. Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, 73, 7–11. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.73.1
Dhamo, A., Dhamo, I., & Manastirliu, I. (2023). Fundamental Rights and New Technologies. Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development, 10(1), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.56345/ijrd.v10i1.244
Ehimuan, B., Chimezie, O., OB, Akagha, O., Reis, O., & Oguejiofor, B. B. (2024). Global Data Privacy Laws: A Critical Review of Technology’s Impact on User Rights. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 17(3), 590–597. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.17.3.1498
Faraoni, S. (2023). Persuasive Technology and Computational Manipulation: Hypernudging Out of Mental Self-Determination. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2023.1128974
Gill, K. (2020). Ethics of Engagement. AI & Society, 35(4), 1135–1145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-00947-7
Ienina, I., Ovcharenko, O., Opuschko, N., Chumak, M., Zahorodnia, T., & Dorofieiev, O. (2023). Major Trends in Today’s Intelligent Robotics in Light of the Creation of Collaborative Artificial Intelligence. BRAIN: Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 14(1), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/14.1/406
Kavoliūnaitė-Ragauskienė, E. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in Manipulation: The Significance and Strategies for Prevention. Baltic Journal of Law & Politics, 17(1), 72–97. https://doi.org/10.2478/bjlp-2024-0004
Land, M. K., & Aronson, J. D. (2020). Human rights and technology: new challenges for justice and accountability. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 16(1), 223-240. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-lawsocsci-060220-081955
Nnamdi, N., Ogunlade, B. Z., & Abegunde, B. (2023). An Evaluation of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Socio-Economic Human Rights: A Discourse on Automation and Job Loss. Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice, 6(6), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2023.v06i06.001
Risse, M. (2019). Human rights and artificial intelligence: An urgently needed agenda. Human Rights Quarterly, 41(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2019.0000
Sehrawat, M. (2021). Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights: Special Reference to COVID-19. International Journal of Advanced Academic Studies, 3(1), 384–388. https://doi.org/10.33545/27068919.2021.v3.i1f.511
Shevchenko, E., Efremova, A., Titarenko, D., Voloshin, A., & Artyukhova, I. (2021). Assessment of Risks and Threats to the Development of Artificial Intelligence Technologies. E3S Web of Conferences, 291, 05028. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129105028
Stettinger, G., Weissensteiner, P., & Khastgir, S. (2024). Trustworthiness Assurance Assessment for High-Risk AI-Based Systems. IEEE Access, 12, 37476–37493. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3364387
Struensee, S. von. (2021). The Role of Social Movements, Coalitions, and Workers in Resisting Harmful Artificial Intelligence and Contributing to the Development of Responsible AI. Social Science Research Network, 1–39. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3897729
Turuta, O. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Through the Prism of Fundamental Human Rights. Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, 70, 32–36. https://doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.70.6
Usman, H., Tariq, I., & Nawaz, B. (2023). In the Realm of the Machines: AI’s Influence Upon International Law and Policy. Journal of Law and Legal Studies, 4(1), 25–42. https://doi.org/10.55529/jlls.41.25.42
Wong, A. (2021, January). Ethics and regulation of artificial intelligence. In IFIP International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for Knowledge Management (pp. 1-18). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80847-1_1
Zametina, T., Kombarova, E., & Balashova, E. (2020). Human Rights as a Universal Value in the Context of Artificial Intelligence Development. Proceedings of the XIV European-Asian “The Value of Law” (EAC-LAW 2020), 92, 657–661. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201205.110
دوره 5، شماره 18 - شماره پیاپی 18
فصل تابستان
تابستان 1405
صفحه 57-85

  • تاریخ دریافت 19 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 05 اسفند 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 01 اردیبهشت 1405
  • تاریخ انتشار 01 تیر 1405